[PhysioEX Chapter 4 exercise 2] PEX-04-02

Solved by ramonistry

Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 2: Plasma Glucose, Insulin, and Diabetes Mellitus Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following statements is false?
   You correctly answered: d. Insulin is a hormone secreted into the stomach to aid with starch digestion.
2. Which of the following statements is true?
   You correctly answered: d. All of these statements are true.
3. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that
   You correctly answered: b. the pancreas is not producing sufficient insulin.
4. A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that
   You correctly answered: c. the cells of the body are unresponsive to circulating insulin.
5. Glucagon is a hormone
   You correctly answered: b. that opposes the action of insulin.
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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: To measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample
Your answer : a. the glucose concentration of the sample will be measured and the optical density will be extrapolated from
the glucose standard curve.

Stop & Think Questions:
Why does the color in the tubes vary?
You correctly answered: c. The tubes contain different amounts of glucose.

Experiment Data:

Tube Optical Density Glucose (mg/deciliter)
Part 1 1 0.30 30
2 0.50 60
3 0.60 90
4 0.80 120
5 1.00 150
Part 2 1 0.73 104
2 0.79 115
3 0.89 132
4 0.83 122
5 0.96 143
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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly.

1. A male patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 115, 110, and 122 mg/dl. The healthcare provider
   will inform him that
   You correctly answered: c. he appears to have impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by
   his cells.
2. To obtain an accurate spectrophotometric measurement of the glucose concentration in the sample
   You correctly answered: d. heparin is added to prevent blood clots.
3. In the spectrophotometric assay used in this experiment, the __________ as the glucose concentration in the sample
   increases.
   You correctly answered: b. optical density increases
4. A female patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 130, 140, and 128 mg/dl. The healthcare
   provider will inform her that
   You correctly answered: a. she has developed diabetes.
5. To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis
   You correctly answered: d. insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose
   levels rise.
6. A laboratory technician withdraws a blood sample from a vein in your upper arm knowing that
   You correctly answered: b. the plasma glucose concentration will be the same in both the arm vein and the index finger.
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Review Sheet Results

1. What is a glucose standard curve, and why did you need to obtain one for this experiment? Did you correctly predict
   how you would measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucose standard curve?
   Your answer:
   The glucose standard curve is a method of monitoring blood glucose over a period to identify patterns and peaks in glucose
   levels?
   The prediction is a wrong depiction of how the curve works, the optical density is measured and then the glucose
   concentration is extrapolated using the curve?
2. Which patient(s) had glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range? Can you say with certainty whether each of these
   patients has type 1 or type 2 diabetes? Why or why not?
   Your answer:
   Patients 3 and 5 appear to have diabetes based on the glucose standard curve?
   I cannot say with certainty is the patients have a specific type of diabetes, because? type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different
   responses by the human body?
   In both cases, glucose remains in the blood stream and the body's cells are unable to take it up, meaning it is not filtered out
   of the body fluids?
3. Describe the diagnosis for patient 3, who was also pregnant at the time of this assay.
   Your answer:
   Patient 3 appears to have diabetes based on the glucose standard curve? measurements, but with the news that this patient
   is pregnant it is possible that she doesn't have diabetes. The blood sugar is higher than normal during pregnancy due to
   hormonal changes, as nutrients are being supplied to the placenta. During the course of a pregnancy, the sugar levels rise
   and the body makes more insulin to get the sugar levels into the cells?
4. Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)?
   Your answer:
   first patient had normal glucose reading
5. What are some lifestyle choices these patients with normal plasma glucose readings might recommend to the borderline
   impaired patients?
   Your answer:
   Some lifestyle changes include dieting and exercises?
   Specific to dieting, eating foods with lower sugar intake. Also exercise because it? promotes the breakdown of nutrients,
   specifically glucose, so it can be used as a form of energy for the body's needs?